中国西南地区地质调查工作十年(2011-2020)进展综述

Review on the progress of geological survey works in Southwest China in the past ten years (2011-2020)

关键词:  西南地区  地质调查  找矿突破  进展和成果  转型发展  展望

Key words:  Southwest China  geological survey  mineral prospecting breakthroughs  progresses and achievements  transformation and development  expectation

摘要:

近十年(2011-2020年)，随着我国工业化的持续推进，对矿产资源的需求旺盛，生态文明建设日益受到重视，地质工作适应需求变化历经深度的转型发展，西南地区地质调查工作取得一系列重大进展和成果。本文作者基于中国地质调查局西南地区地质调查项目管理和地质调查研究掌握的情况，结合西南各省(市、区)找矿突破战略行动(2011-2020年)评估报告、油气企业勘查成果，并查阅各专业领域大量文献资料，对西南地区地质调查(含矿产勘查等)进展进行较全面地总结和阐述，并提出未来十年西南地区地质调查展望。近十年的重要进展包括较大幅度提高了1∶5万为主的区域地质调查程度；提出了特提斯构造演化、上扬子陆块前寒武纪构造-地层格架等新认识；提交新发现矿产地1400多处，实现了铜、锰、铝、金、锂、铅锌、铍、晶质石墨、磷、天然气等战略性矿产勘查突破和多个新区、新类型、新层系页岩气的重要发现；提高了西南山区地质灾害早期识别和监测预警水平；查明了重点地区和流域的水文地质和水资源状况，解决了乌蒙山等贫困缺水地区大批群众的用水困难；圈定了约53600平方千米富硒土地资源；新兴了生态地质调查、城市地质调查、资源环境承载能力评价和国土空间开发适宜性评价、自然资源综合调查等诸多调查新领域，探索建立了相关的调查理论与技术方法。调查成果提高了我国部分能源和矿产资源的安全保障，有效地支撑服务区域内重大工程规划建设、脱贫攻坚、国土空间规划、城市地质安全、生态环境建设和自然资源管理等工作，地质调查转型发展的成效显著。预计未来十年的地质调查会在支撑服务能源和矿产资源安全、地质安全风险防范、自然资源综合调查监测、生态环境整治、国土空间利用、区域地球科学理论、地质调查信息化建设等方面不断取得创新发展。本文可为同行了解西南地区地质调查进展和理解新时期地质工作转型发展提供重要参考。

Abstract:

Over the past ten years (2011-2020), with the continuous industrialization in China, there has been a strong demand for energy and mineral resources, meanwhile, the development of ecological civilization has been highly emphasized, the geological works has accordingly gone through transformation and development. A series of significant progresses and achievements have been achieved in geological survey in Southwest China. The authors of this paper, based on the geological project management of China Geological Survey and geological study in Southwest China, combined with the evaluation reports on breakthrough action of strategic mineral prospecting (2011-2020) of the related provinces and the exploration results of oil and gas enterprises, as well as consulting a large number of literatures of various professional fields, comprehensively summarize the progress of geological survey in Southwest China in the past ten years, and the prospect of geological survey in the next decade is put forward. The significant progresses in the past ten years includes: the covered areas of regional geological survey on main scale of 1∶50000 has increased to a greater degree; the understanding of Tethys tectonic structures and evolution and the reconstruction of the Precambrian tectonic and stratigraphic framework of the upper Yangtze block has been deepened; over 1400 new mineral occurrences have been discovered, and the strategic mineral exploration has achieved great breakthroughs such as copper, manganese, aluminum, gold, lithium, crystalline graphite, lead-zinc，phosphorus and natural gas; a number of new areas, new types, new hosting strata of shale gas have been discovered; the early identification, monitoring and early warning of geological disasters in the mountainous areas have been improved; the conditions of hydrogeology and water resources in some key areas and basins have been identified, the difficulties of water supplying of a large number of people in the water deficient areas has been solved; about 53600 square kilometers of selenium-rich land resources has been delineated; some new fields such as ecological geological survey, urban geological survey, resource and environment carrying capacity evaluation and suitability evaluation of land and space development, as well as comprehensive survey of natural resources have emerged, and the related theoretics and technology and methods have been initially practiced and established. The results of the survey have improved the security of some energy and mineral resources of China, and effectively supported and served such areas as the planning and construction of the major engineering projects, the poverty alleviation, the national territory spatial planning, the urban underground space utilization, the ecological environment construction, and the natural resource management, and so on. The transformation and development of geological survey has achieved remarkable results. It can be expected that the geological survey in the next decade will achieve innovative and development in supporting and serving energy and mineral resources security, geological security risk prevention, natural resources comprehensive investigation and monitoring system construction, ecological environment improvement, territorial space utilization, regional geosciences theory, information technology construction of geological survey, and other aspects. This paper can provide an important reference for readers to understand the progress of geological survey and mineral exploration in Southwest China in the past decade and understand the transformation and development of geological works in the new era.