中国岩相古地理研究进展

The research progress of lithofacies paleogeography in China

关键词:  岩相古地理  研究与编图  油气勘探  大数据  发展趋势

Key words:  Lithofacies paleogeography  research and mapping  oil and gas exploration  big data  the development trend

摘要:

我国的岩相古地理研究大致经历了三个大的发展时期。初期阶段：20世纪80年代以前，主体是以古生物地层学的理论为指导编制出版大区域的古地理图集，集中反映海陆分布，岩相内容较少，较少的学者开展了岩相古地理研究，揭开了由古地理图向岩相古地理图转变的序幕。快速发展阶段：20世纪80年代至2000年，总体上是以大地构造学、古生物地层学、沉积学等理论为指导，开展了大量的岩相古地理研究与编图工作，并采取多种编图思路和方法编制大区域的岩相古地理图，是我国岩相古地理研究与编图大发展时期，形成了丰硕的理论和实践成果。编制的图件不仅尽量体现活动性古地理的学术前沿，而且更多的是强化实用性，聚焦对沉积层控矿产远景预测和油气勘探的支撑和指导作用。现代阶段：2000年至今，岩相古地理研究与编图聚焦支撑油气地质调查与勘探成为了这段时间的主题，采取不同的编图思路和方法编制出版了大区域的岩相古地理图。具有三大特点：一是编图资料丰富，技术方法新颖；二是编图思路先进，体现了以构造为主线，岩相古地理恢复为核心，支撑服务油气为根本的研究思路；三是以服务油气目标为特色。由于大数据、人工智能等信息技术突飞猛进促进大数据岩相古地理向前发展，数字岩相古地理必将推动我国在岩相古地理编图思路和技术方法的创新，提升支撑服务沉积矿产找矿和油气勘探开发的精准性和预测性水平。

Abstract:

The study of lithofacies paleogeography in China has experienced three stages of development.Early stage:before the 1980s.The main subjects were the paleogeographic atlas of a large area under the theoretical guidance of paleontology stratigraphy, which more reflected the distribution of sea and land. The content of lithofacies was less. A few scholars had carried out the study of lithofacies paleogeography, which opened the prelude of the transformation from paleogeographic map to lithofacies paleogeography map.Rapid development stage:1980s to 2000.Overall in geotectonics, palaeontologic stratigraphy and sedimentology theory as the instruction, a large number of lithofacies palaeogeographic research and mapping works with a variety of mapping thoughts and methods had been carried out, and lithofacies paleogeographic maps of large area have been completed. It was a period of great development of lithofacies palaeogeography and mapping in China, fruitful theoretical and practical achievements had been produced in this stage. These maps not only reflected the academic frontier of active paleogeography, but also strengthened the practicability. Furthermore, the support and guidance of prospect prediction in sedimentary mineral and oil-gas exploration was focused on.Modern stage:2000 to present.Lithofacies palaeogeography research and mapping focusing on supporting oil and gas geological survey and exploration has become the theme in this period, different mapping thoughts and methods have been applied to these lithofacies palaeogeography maps of large areas. There are three main characteristics:first, abundant mapping data and novel technical methods has been used. The second is the advanced mapping idea, which reflects the research idea of tectonics as the main line and restoration of lithofacies paleogeography as the core, and the support of oil and gas exploration as the fundamental.Third, it is characterized by targets on service of oil and gas exploration.Because of the rapid advances in big data, artificial intelligence and other information technology, the development of big data lithofacies palaeogeography has also propelled forward.The digital lithofacies palaeogeography will certainly promote the innovation in mapping ideas and technical methods of lithofacies palaeogeography in China, which can improve the accuracy and predictability of sedimentary mineral prospecting and oil and gas exploration and development.