关于相的命名及其分类的建议

Suggested naming and classification of the word facies

关键词:  相  亚相  次相  微相  分类

Key words:  facies  subfacies  suborder facies  microfacies  classification

摘要:

岩相古地理研究与编图是能源资源调查与勘探非常重要的基础工作。要开展岩相古地理研究，必须要准确理解和定义与岩相古地理研究相关的基本概念。现在涉及到相的研究成果，无论国外还是国内，对相的含义、使用及其分类不尽一致。通过系统回顾“相”一词诞生到发展演化过程，结合多数学者的意见和使用习惯，本文建议采用“相”是“沉积环境的物质表现，包含了物理特征、化学特征和生物特征”的含义。对于相的命名，可以使用代表物质的如灰岩相；代表环境的，如河流相；代表成因的，如浊流相；代表生物综合特征的，如笔石相；以及代表构造背景如磨拉石相等。对侧重环境的相命名与分类，按照“环境+相”原则来使用。根据研究程度，按照相(facies)—亚相(subfacies)—次相(suborder facies)来描述和分类。即相是沉积环境的物质表现，亚相是相的次一级环境的物质表现，次相是亚相的次一级环境的物质表现，而微相(microfacies)则是岩石薄片、揭片和磨光面中的生物学和沉积学的全部特征。

Abstract:

Lithofacies paleogeography analysis and mapping are key fundamental works in energy resources investigation and exploration. However, in regard to the analysis of sedimentary facies, agreement of the definition, usage and classification of facies have not been achieved, both in foreign and domestic. This work presents a systematic review of the evolution of the term "facie" from its birth. Combined with the opinions and usage habits of most researchers, this paper recommends the definition of "facies" as "material expression of sedimentary environment, including physical, chemical and biological properties". For the name of facies, if we focus on the lithology, we can utilize the name of a specific lithology before the facies, such as limestone facies; if we focus on the sedimentary environment, we can utilize the name of a specific environment before the facies, such as fluvial facies; if we focus on the genesis, we can utilize the name of a specific genesis before the facies, such as turbidity facies; if we focus on the biological features, we can utilize the name of a specific biology before the facies, such as graptolite facies; if we focus on the tectonic background, we can utilize the name of the specific product of a tectonic setting before the facies, such as molasse facies. The name and classification of environment-oriented facies should follow the principle of "environment + facies ". Facies-subfacies-suborder facies are recommended in this study for the description and classification of facies according to different levels of investigation. In detail, facies is the material expression of sedimentary environment, subfacies is the material expression of sub-environment of facies, suborder facies is the material expression of sub-environment of subfacies. While microfacies should be the biological and sedimentary features that observed in rock thin-section, peel and polished surface.