东南亚的活动俯冲和碰撞

Active subduction and collision in Southeast Asia

关键词:  东南亚  俯冲  碰撞  构造模式

Key words:  Southeast Asia  subduction  collision  tectonic reconstruction

摘要:

东南亚位于欧亚、印-澳和菲律宾海三大板块汇聚结合带,现代及古代汇聚区域广泛,弧陆碰撞起着重要作用。根据地质、古地磁和浅源地震等地球动力演化的研究建立了一系列构造模式,表明该区地表构造运动的复杂性。尽管规模较小,台湾地区的弧陆碰撞可能是目前全世界的研究热点之一,因为这一碰撞带较年青(数百万年),非常活跃,易于通过地质、地球物理、大地测量和遥感手段进行测定和监控。未来对活动俯冲带和造山带的研究应与地震、海啸、污染、气候变化等这些与自然灾害有关的社会问题紧密联系起来。

Abstract:

Southeast Asia is an actively deforming area located on the junction of the converging Eurasian, Indo-Australian and Philippine Sea plates, where collision between arcs and continents played an important role. Studies of the geodynamic evolution of Southeast Asia have resulted, based on the extensive data sets from geological, palaeomagnetic and shallow seismic studies, in a number of tectonic reconstructions. The very existence of the various reconstructions indicates that the currently incorporated data do not allow definition of one single scenario for the tectonic evolution. Consequently, there are some important-as yet unresolved-differences between the reconstructed surface motions within the Southeast Asia region. Despite its relatively small size, the Taiwan arc-continent collision is probably one of the most actively studied in the world, because the collision zone is young (a few million years), extremely active, easily accessible and well monitored through geological, geophysical, geodetic and remote sensing approaches.